What is periodontitis?
Periodontosis, also known as periodontal disease, is an inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth, including the gum, bone and ligament that supports the tooth root. This is caused by bacterial plaque, supra- and subgingival tartar, as well as the pitted edges of existing fillings and prosthetic works.
Causes and risk factors
Among the main causes of periodontitis are:
- Plaque and tartar: Their accumulation on the surface of the teeth and subgingival is the main trigger.< /li>
- Genetic factors: Genetic predisposition can play an important role in the development of the disease.
- Smoking: It negatively affects the health of the gums and the body's ability to fight infections.
- Poor oral hygiene: Lack of rigorous oral hygiene favors the accumulation of bacterial plaque.
- Systemic conditions: Conditions such as diabetes and the use of certain medications can worsen periodontitis.
Signs and symptoms
Periodontal disease can develop slowly, sometimes painlessly, which means that many people do not realize the seriousness of the problem until advanced stages. Common symptoms include:
- Bleeding gums: Especially when brushing or eating hard foods.
- Inflammation and swelling: The gums become red and inflamed.
- Gingival recession: Receding gums, exposing the root of the tooth.
- Mobility of teeth: Teeth begin to move due to loss of bone support.
- Halena: Persistent bad breath.
- Purulent collections: In severe cases, pus may appear between the teeth and gums.
Stages of periodontitis
Early stages
Periodontosis begins with gingivitis, characterized by bleeding and inflammation of the gums. This is a reversible stage if treated properly.
Advanced stages
In the absence of treatment, the inflammation extends deep into the supporting tissues, forming periodontal pockets. These pockets get deeper and deeper, leading to bone destruction and tooth loss.
Treatment of periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis varies according to the stage and severity of the disease:
Non-surgical treatment
- Dental hygiene: Supra and subgingival descaling, professional brushing, and air-flow with sodium bicarbonate are essential for the removal of bacterial plaque.
- Oral hygiene education: Patients are taught how to effectively use dental floss, interdental brushes, and mouthwash.
- Bacterial decontamination: Use of laser to reduce inflammation and clean periodontal pockets.
- Periodontometry: Measurement of periodontal pocket depth and tooth mobility to establish a treatment plan.
Surgical treatment
- Subgingival curettage: Cleaning of periodontal pockets to remove infected tissue.
- Periodontal regeneration: Use of membranes, bone grafts and stimulatory proteins to regenerate lost tissues.
- Periodontal Flap Surgery: Allows the access and visibility needed to clean and regenerate the periodontium.
- Dental laser treatments: Minimally invasive intervention that removes diseased tissue and bacteria from periodontal pockets, stimulating healing and reducing inflammation, with minimal discomfort for the patient.
- Immobilization of periodontal teeth: Application of splints to protect and stabilize mobile teeth.
Prophylaxis and monitoring
Preventing periodontitis is essential for maintaining oral health. Periodic control every 6 months, rigorous oral hygiene and avoiding risk factors such as smoking are essential preventive measures.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Can I have an implant in periodontitis? Yes, after stabilization of periodontal disease, implants can be successfully inserted.< /span>
- Which antibiotic should I take for periodontitis? The antibiotic is indicated only in acute forms and must be prescribed by the specialist doctor.< /span>
- Which toothpaste is good for periodontitis? Antimicrobial toothpastes and those that contribute to periodontal regeneration are recommended , but they do not replace medical treatment.
Complications of untreated periodontitis
Complications include gingival retraction, exposure of tooth roots, tooth pain, tooth loss, and impairment of general health, such as increased risk of accidents stroke, myocardial infarction and poor glycemic control in diabetics.
Periodontosis is a chronic condition that requires attention and proper treatment. Schedule a consultation with our periodontist specialists to effectively prevent and treat this disease. Your oral health is essential to your overall well-being!
